Atauro Island (also Pulau Atauro, Ataúro) is a small island situated 25km north of Dili, East Timor, on the extinct Wetar segment of the volcanic Inner Banda Arc, between the Indonesian islands of Alor and Wetar.

Politically it comprises one of the subdistricts of the Dili District of East Timor. It is about 25 km long and 9 km wide, about 105 km² in area, and is inhabited by about 8000 people.

The island is separated into 5 districts, each surrounding a village: Bikeli and Beloi in the north, Macadade (formerly Anartutu) in the southwest, and Makili and Vila (formerly Maumeta) in the southeast.

The largest town is Vila. Other major towns include Pala, Uaroana, Arlo, Adara, and Berau. One bitumen road connects Vila to Pala, with walking paths to the other villages on the island.

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